A CRITICAL CARE ANALYSIS OF PATIENT WITH GUILLIAN BARRE SYNDROME: A CASE STUDY METHOD

Mrs. Sneha Sankpal-Desai, Ms. Nikita Tambe, Mr. Gopal Vadje, Mr. Rushikesh Pawar

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder that causes rapid muscle weakness due to the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. Typically, the condition begins with changes in sensation or pain in the back, along with muscle weakness starting from the feet and hands and often progressing to the arms and upper body. The symptoms can develop over hours or weeks, and in the acute phase, GBS can be life-threatening, with about 15% of individuals requiring mechanical ventilation due to respiratory muscle weakness. Aims of the study: To critically analyze the clinical presentation, management, and nursing care of a patient diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative research methodology with a case study design to explore the critical care management of a pediatric patient diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). The research was conducted at Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, focusing on one pediatric patient aged 6–12 years in the acute phase of GBS, selected through non-probability purposive sampling. The sample size for this study was 1, allowing for an in-depth, detailed analysis of the patient's clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. Results: The case study of a 12-year-old male patient diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome revealed significant neuromuscular weakness, respiratory involvement, and impaired mobility requiring critical care intervention. Through comprehensive medical, nursing, and physiotherapy management—including pharmacological support, respiratory monitoring, and rehabilitation—the patient showed gradual clinical improvement. Key nursing goals such as maintaining respiratory function, promoting mobility, relieving pain, and preventing complications were effectively addressed. The outcome indicates that early diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, consistent follow-up are vital for recovery in pediatric GBS patients.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis and critical care are essential for effective management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in children. Multidisciplinary interventions significantly improve respiratory function and mobility. With timely treatment and rehabilitation, full recovery is achievable.